Association between obesity and risk of kidney stones: exploring the rule of life style factors

Ayesh Anwar; Hanif uz Zaman; Syed Abdul  Haseeb; Hassaan Ahmad; Awalrehman; Imran Khan

doi:10.62497/IRABCS.2024.43

Authors

Ayesh Anwar Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar Author
Hanif uz Zaman Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera Author
Syed Abdul Haseeb Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar Author
Hassaan Ahmad Rehman Medical College, Peshawar Author
Awalrehman Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar Author
Imran Khan Pak International Medical College, Peshawar Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62497/IRABCS.2024.43

Keywords:

Kidney stones, obesity, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, fluid intake, physical activity, medication use, prospective cohort study

Abstract

Introduction: Kidney stones are a prevalent health concern, with obesity recognized as a significant risk factor. Understanding the interplay between obesity and lifestyle factors in stone formation is crucial. This study investigates this association, focusing on dietary habits, fluid intake, physical activity, and medication use.

Methods: A one-year prospective April 2023–March 2024 saw the conduct of a cohort study at the Pakistan Academy of Medical Sciences (PIMS) in Pakistan's Islamabad. 88 participants were enrolled, with baseline data including demographics, BMI, medical history, and lifestyle factors. Follow-up assessments monitored weight changes, urinary parameters, and kidney stone incidence. Multivariate regression analysis explored associations between obesity, lifestyle factors, and stone risk.

Results: Obese participants exhibited higher comorbidity prevalence and medication use. Over the study, obese participants gained 3.7 kg, while non-obese lost 1.5 kg. Obese individuals had elevated urinary calcium and oxalate, and lower citrate levels. Kidney stone incidence was 16.7% in obese and 9.5% in non-obese participants. Multivariate analysis identified obesity, high animal protein intake, and low fluid consumption as significant predictors of stone risk among obese individuals.

Conclusion: This study underscores the complex relationship between obesity, lifestyle factors, and kidney stone risk. Modifiable factors like dietary habits and fluid intake play crucial roles in stone formation. Insights from this research can inform targeted interventions to reduce stone burden and improve health outcomes in obese individuals.

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