The Role of Preoperative Nutritional Status in Predicting Outcomes of Cardiac Surgery

Sher  Ahmad Sher; Mohammad Bilal  khan; Hasnain Haidar; Sheraz  Khan; Talha  Mazhar; Muhammad  Gulfam

doi:10.62497/IRABCS.2024.68

Authors

Sher Ahmad Sher House Officer, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8778-5574
Mohammad Bilal khan Windsor University School Of Medicine Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5192-7669
Hasnain Haidar House officer, MTI Khalifa Gull Nawaz, Bannu, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3059-7628
Sheraz Khan MPH, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0733-5597
Talha Mazhar Saidu Medical College, Swat Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2421-6328
Muhammad Gulfam Bannu Medical College, Bannu, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5762-8394

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62497/IRABCS.2024.68

Keywords:

Preoperative Nutritional Status, Cardiac Surgery, Subjective Global Assessment, Serum Albumin, Postoperative Outcomes, Body Mass Index

Abstract

Background: Although not well studied, preoperative dietary state has a major effect on postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing heart surgery. This research assesses the relationship between dietary status and recovery and surgical complications.

Methods: 136 patients receiving elective heart surgery participated in this observational cohort research, which was carried out at the Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar from August 2023 to July 2024. Body Mass Index (BMI), serum albumin levels, and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) were used to evaluate nutritional status. Using chi-square testing and logistic regression, postoperative outcomes, such as morbidity, mortality, duration of hospital stay, and recovery time, were examined.

Results: 45.6% of the 136 patients met the criteria for malnutrition. High BMI and low blood albumin levels were also common. 35.3% of patients had postoperative problems, while 4.4% and 5.1% of patients died within 30 days and in the hospital, respectively. In comparison to well-nourished individuals, malnourished patients had significantly longer hospital stays (10.3 days vs. 7.2 days) and recovery durations (45.6 days vs. 32.1 days). Significant correlations were found in the statistical studies between low nutritional status and higher rates of morbidity (p < 0.05), death (p < 0.01), and extended recovery periods (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: In cardiac surgery, poor preoperative nutritional condition is associated with lower postoperative results. To enhance patient outcomes and rehabilitation, focused treatments and routine nutritional evaluations are crucial.

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