The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

Afiyat Ahmad; Ahmad Khushal; Syed Sikandar Ali Shah; Zia Ul  Islam; Asif Bashir; Faisal Aziz

doi:10.62497/IRABCS.2024.63

Authors

Afiyat Ahmad Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3283-9778
Ahmad Khushal Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9014-675X
Syed Sikandar Ali Shah Khyber Medical College Peshawar Author https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5475-0092
Zia Ul Islam Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7061-4449
Asif Bashir hyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9864-2302
Faisal Aziz Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0973-8150

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62497/IRABCS.2024.63

Keywords:

osteoporosis, postmenopausal women , bone mineral density, fracture incidence, Vitamin D

Abstract

Introduction: Because it increases the risk of fracture and bone fragility in postmenopausal women, osteoporosis is a serious health problem. It has been suggested that taking vitamin D supplements may help prevent osteoporosis by improving bone mineralization and calcium absorption.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to find out how well vitamin D supplementation works to prevent postmenopausal women from developing osteoporosis.

Methods: A total of 122 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 61) and control (n = 61) groups after being recruited at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Daily 2000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation was given to the intervention group, while a placebo was given to the control group. At baseline and a year later, serum vitamin D levels, bone mineral density (BMD), and fracture incidence were measured.

Results: After a year, the lumbar spine BMD (0.895 g/cm² to 0.918 g/cm², p < 0.01) and blood vitamin D levels (22.5 ng/mL to 35.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001) significantly increased in the intervention group, but these measures did not significantly alter in the control group. In addition, there were fewer fractures in the intervention group (4 vs. 11 instances, p < 0.05) than in the control group.

Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, vitamin D treatment successfully lowers the incidence of fractures, improves BMD, and raises blood vitamin D levels. These results demonstrate the possibility of vitamin D supplementation in this population as a prophylactic against osteoporosis. It is necessary to do further study to examine long-term results and the best supplementation techniques.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Liu C, Kuang X, Li K, Guo X, Deng Q, Li D. Effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food & function. 2020;11(12):10817-27.

Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, Pilz S. Vitamin D supplementation after the menopause. Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism. 2020 Jun;11:2042018820931291. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042018820931291

Agostini D, Donati Zeppa S, Lucertini F, Annibalini G, Gervasi M, Ferri Marini C, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Barbieri E, Sestili P. Muscle and bone health in postmenopausal women: role of protein and vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise training. Nutrients. 2018 Aug 16;10(8):1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081103

Lee CJ, Kim SS, Suh WY, Kim JS, Jung JG, Yoon SJ, Seo YR, Yang HJ. The effect of education and vitamin D supplementation on the achievement of optimal vitamin D level in Korean postmenopausal women. Journal of bone metabolism. 2019 Aug 31;26(3):193-9. https://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2019.26.3.193

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Bhasin S, Manson JE. Preventing fractures and falls: a limited role for calcium and vitamin D supplements?. Jama. 2018 Apr 17;319(15):1552-3. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.4023

Hou YC, Wu CC, Liao MT, Shyu JF, Hung CF, Yen TH, Lu CL, Lu KC. Role of nutritional vitamin D in osteoporosis treatment. Clinica chimica acta. 2018 Sep 1;484:179-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.035

Nahas-Neto J, Cangussu LM, Orsatti CL, Bueloni-Dias FN, Poloni PF, Schmitt EB, Nahas EA. Effect of isolated vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover markers in younger postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporosis International. 2018 May;29:1125-33.

Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Hassler N, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dobnig H, Stepan JJ, Pavo I, Eriksen EF, Klaushofer K. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation for three years in postmenopausal osteoporosis significantly alters bone mineral and organic matrix quality. Bone. 2017 Feb 1;95:41-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.002

Furkatovna AM. Effect of Vitamin D Diction on Bone Mineral Density in Menopausa Women. World Bulletin of Public Health. 2022 Feb 28;7:121-3.

Rosen HN, Rosen CJ, Schmader KE, Mulder JE. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation in osteoporosis. Waltham, MA: UpToDate. 2017.

Corrado A, Rotondo C, Cici D, Berardi S, Cantatore FP. Effects of different vitamin D supplementation schemes in post-menopausal women: a monocentric open-label randomized study. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 26;13(2):380. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020380

Hill TR, Aspray TJ. The role of vitamin D in maintaining bone health in older people. Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease. 2017 Apr;9(4):89-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1759720X17692502

Reid IR, Bolland MJ. Calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of fragility fractures: who needs it?. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 7;12(4):1011.

Grimnes G, Emaus N, Cashman KD, Jorde R. The effect of high‐dose vitamin D supplementation on muscular function and quality of life in postmenopausal women—A randomized controlled trial. Clinical endocrinology. 2017 Jul;87(1):20-8.

Suzuki T, Nakamura Y, Kato H. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation with 3-year denosumab treatment is beneficial to enhance bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2018 Dec 18:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S182858

Suganthan N, Kumanan T, Kesavan V, Aravinthan M, Rajeshkannan N. Vitamin D status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women: a hospital based cross-sectional study from Northern Sri Lanka. BMC nutrition. 2020 Dec;6:1-8.

Tabrizi R, Hallajzadeh J, Mirhosseini N, Lankarani KB, Maharlouei N, Akbari M, Asemi Z. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function among postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EXCLI journal. 2019;18:591. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2019-1386

Chon SJ, Koh YK, Heo JY, Lee J, Kim MK, Yun BH, Lee BS, Seo SK. Effects of vitamin D deficiency and daily calcium intake on bone mineral density and osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal woman. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. 2017 Jan 19;60(1):53-62. HTTPS://DOI.ORG/https://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.2017.60.1.53

Lee JS, Kim JW. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal high-and low-energy fracture patient. Archives of osteoporosis. 2018 Dec;13:1-6.

Mei Z, Hu H, Zou Y, Li D. The role of vitamin D in menopausal women’s health. Frontiers in Physiology. 2023 Jun 12;14:1211896. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1211896

Pérez‐Castrillón JL, Dueñas‐Laita A, Brandi ML, Jódar E, del Pino‐Montes J, Quesada‐Gómez JM, Cereto Castro F, Gómez‐Alonso C, Gallego López L, Olmos Martínez JM, Alhambra Expósito MR. Calcifediol is superior to cholecalciferol in improving vitamin D status in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2020 Dec 1;36(10):1967-78.

Chevalley T, Brandi ML, Cashman KD, Cavalier E, Harvey NC, Maggi S, Cooper C, Al-Daghri N, Bock O, Bruyère O, Rosa MM. Role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of musculoskeletal diseases: update from an European Society of Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group. Aging clinical and experimental research. 2022 Nov;34(11):2603-23.