Development of Novel Biomarkers for Early Detection of  Cancer

Jawad Royaidar; Humna Khalid; Hira Fatima

Authors

Dr Jawad Royaidar Department of General Medicine, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7990-7331
Dr Humna Khalid Department of Dermatology, Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital, Pakistan Author
Dr Hira Fatima MBBS, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Author

Keywords:

cancer, diagnostic biomarkers, integrated genomic, proteomic analysis, ELISA, treatment strategies, screening methods

Abstract

Introduction: Early cancer detection is vital for improving patient outcomes and survival. This study utilized genomic and proteomic analyses to identify and validate novel biomarkers for early cancer detection, recruiting cancer patients and healthy controls.

Methodology: A case-control study, following ethical permission, examined blood samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for proteomics and DNA extraction and RNA sequencing for genomics. Differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified, validated using qPCR and ELISA, and assessed for biomarker accuracy.

Results: Genomic analysis identified differential expression in genes such as TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, EGFR, and KRAS, well-recognized in cancer. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct expression of proteins like HER2, PSA, CA 125, CEA, and AFP, linked to specific cancers. Validation in independent cohorts strengthened the credibility of these biomarkers.

Conclusion: This study's findings hold promise for enhancing early cancer diagnosis, tailoring treatments, and monitoring therapy responses, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.